Women’s Suffrage Movement in America Essay Example For Students

Women’s Suffrage Movement in America Essay As I walked into the Crowne Plaza on the Ventura promenade on November 2, 2010, I was preparing to vote. I walked into the polling room, gave my name and identification, and was handed a voting sheet just as I had every other time I went to vote. I think this was the first time that I really contemplated about how lucky I was to live in a time where my voice has meaning. So many of my friends ask me â€Å"why do you vote, it doesn’t matter† and to me it is this kind of attitude that we need to as a society reflect on and regroup our thoughts on this issue. We forget that their was once a time that woman were not only not allowed to vote, but looked down upon for thinking that they had the right to do so. We will write a custom essay on Women’s Suffrage Movement in America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now During the fall semester of 2010 I then enrolled in a sociology class at Ventura College. Not only did we touch on the topic of voting, but also many other woman’s issues plaguing our society throughout the decades. Then, as we started our marriage and family unit in this English class I found myself intrigued once again. I just felt really drawn to find out how women once were perceived and how far we have come since that time. It just makes no sense that a man who might not even read up on the issues at hand during voting time would be able to give an opinion, but a woman who is educated, passionate, and worldly would have been turned away. In such a male dominated world at the time of the suffrage movement these woman who started it all must have been strong willed and passionate about their cause, and I feel like I just need to know more. There is so much information I want to ascertain while conducting my research for this paper. First and foremost†¦Who were the women of the time that began this amazing movement; that shifted the course of woman’s history forever? Were these women of money or of meager means just trying to get their voice heard in a man’s world? I always find it interesting to find out about the people behind something. What drove them, where they came from, and what kind of upbringing they had. I have found the way someone is or is not raised can be a driving force in a passionate topic. From beginning to end I also want to find out the steps to the suffrage movement. What first event started it all? Did it begin with a meeting of like minded people working towards a common goal? Or, was it considered to have begun with a rally or political gathering. I would also like to find out what climatic event is to be considered the turning point in allowing woman to get the vote. I also want to find out more about the nineteenth amendment, such as who signed it into legislation, what were the voting number on it, as well as when it was signed and added to the constitution. I think that finding out about these important events can help better understand who we are as a society and how far we have come in our thought process. Another important factor I want to really concentrate on when researching the woman’s suffrage movement is what kind of world rural early 1900 America was like. Why at that point in time were women so overlooked and undermined. As a whole, where was our society in the respect of how we view and value woman. Perhaps it is that mind set at the time that held woman back from moving forward in our culture. In my opinion, any good search for information begins in an adequate library. Although some feel that written books can be a bit outdated and time consuming to find, a well stocked library hold so much knowledge and information that it can make your hunt for information a â€Å"one-stop† shop. I first searched the subject of women’s suffrage movement, and s many titles came up†¦things with the words â€Å"Elizabeth Cady Stanton†, and â€Å"Seneca Falls†. Other’s included â€Å"Harriet Blatch† as well as â€Å"parade† and â€Å"Susan B. Anthony.† With these ever expanded words I was able to search even more books with regards to my subject matter. In that trip alone, I was able to find four solid book leads with so much information in them. Next, I turned to the internet. The Ventura College library has some really amazing reference links on their website. Not only can you type in any word and find hundreds of articles, but the database called Proquest, will also pull up an endless amount of scholarly journals, magazine articles, encyclopedia articles and so much more. It made it very helpful if I wanted to find a specific event or year that was mentioned, and I did not have to thumb through a four-hundred page book to find my answers. After gathering all of sources together, I decided over a two week period, to skim and read through the now five accumulated texts as well as article I had flagged on the internet, and take detailed notes. With every piece of information that I jotted down I made sure to divide each book onto their own page and notated the page numbers as well. This I figured would make it much easier when I went back to make my bibliography later. Finally, the last source I acquired during this search was a face-to-face interview with an expert in the topic of woman’s rights and suffrage. Obviously most people in general from this era are no longer alive, so I needed to find someone who was both well educated on the matters, but also seemed intrigued and interested by the subject. At first I did not know who would possess these qualities, but then it hit me†¦a women’s history teacher would be a great choice. I e-mailed a few prospects that either taught at Channel Islands State Un iversity or right at our school, Ventura College. He first person to get back to me was Ms. Colleen Coffey, women’s and American history teacher here at our own Ventura College. I found her insight to very helpful, because it made me take a second look at certain aspects of events that I had already researched. With this added knowledge I was able to go back and prioritize what I felt was really important to this movement. .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 , .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .postImageUrl , .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 , .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458:hover , .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458:visited , .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458:active { border:0!important; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458:active , .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458 .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u64cdb8583611ca355c9c8958af48d458:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Women's Suffrage and National Political MovementIn the book, Century of Struggle, I got a lot of answers as to why this movement took so long to come into the foreground. For me, I just didn’t understand why women hadn’t spoken up sooner about wanting equal rights, but this book really set things straight. Prior to 1865, women were consumed with housework. (Flexner, 174) With the industrialization of canning goods through machine, making ice to keep things cold, and having to â€Å"live of the land† less and less women were now able to have free time to think and contemplate real issues in the world. (Flexner, 174) I guess this makes better sense now. If you don’t have time to think about or educate your self on issues then why would you even think that you had that right in the first place. So many women of that time were just doing the only things they were ever taught to do. Only thinking the same thoughts they were ever taught to think. I’m sure to be an independent thinker outside of what was considered the â€Å"norm† was to make you an outsider. Elizabeth Cady Stanton once said, â€Å"The woman is uniformly sacrificed to the wife and mother,† which is exactly how women of the 1800’s and prior felt surely. They ate, slept, and breathed their families with little to no regard for them as human beings. During my search, three main women’s names continued to be mentioned when talking about the early activities of the suffrage movement; Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucrieta Mott, and Susan B. Anthony. These three women seemed to spearhead the women’s rights and suffrage movements through their sheer passion for the issue. Elizabeth Stanton was born November 12, 1815 and had the greatest of upbringings. She seemed to attain the greatest of education, unlikely for that time, and was always supported by her family. The daughter of a Judge and congress man, was often described as strong willed. Lucretia Mott on the other hand seemed to have a modest upbringing. The second of seven children, she was born into a Massachusetts Quaker family. (wikipedia) As a young teen, she became a school teacher and soon learned that women earned far less than men doing the same work. (Flexner, 72) Unfortunately, this still holds true today. In 2008 a study showed that women earned $.77 for every dollar a man made; and improvement from the $.58 for every dollar they made in 1968. (Smith) This injustice seemed to be what sparked her crusade for women’s rights. In 1840 after attending the World Anti Slavery Convention in London with their spouses, Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott were disgusted to find that once they got their only male delegates would be heard on the issues. Instead they were seated behind a glass partition only to watch the proceedings. (Flexner, 71) After this the women seemed to become close friends and eventually discussed to meeting of a Women’s Rights Convention. Then, on July 14, 1848 the two women posted an announcement in the Seneca County Courier that read: â€Å"Women’s Rights Convention A Convention to discuss the social, civil and political rights of women will be held in the Wesleyan Chapel, Seneca Falls, New York, on Wednesday and Thursday, the 19th and 20th of July current; commencing at 10a.m. During the first day the meeting will be held exclusively for women, who are earnestly invited to attend. The public generally are intived to be present on the second day, when Lucretia Mott of Phil adelphia and other ladies and gentlemen will address the convention.† (Flexner, 74) A bold move on their part, I’m sure the ladies felt though that they were making steps in the right direction. Next, I found that the women needed to address what they wanted. With this idea, Mrs. Stanton drafted what came to be known as the â€Å"Declaration of Sediments.† This document was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. It asserted womens equality with men and protested against the long train of abuses that reduce women under absolute despotism. The convention unanimously passed a series of resolutions that challenged womens current status. They opposed womens exclusion from the rights of citizenship; rejected their second-class legal position; objected to the moral double standard; and inveighed against their inability to obtain the same educational and professional opportunities as men. (Zagarri) In addition to the many issue discussed at Seneca Falls, this is where Mrs. Stanton demanded the ballot, a move that Lucretia Mott felt would â€Å"hurt th e movement in its infancy†. (Kraditor, 1) From this point forward, I found that women’s suffrage started to make leaps and bounds; although it was a slow process until the 19th amendment was ratified. .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 , .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .postImageUrl , .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 , .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558:hover , .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558:visited , .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558:active { border:0!important; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558:active , .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558 .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8a3a2df6e0a9a28788bd0ca7df03558:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alice Paul's Determination in Women's SuffrageWhile reading Born for Liberty: A History of Women In America by Sara Evans, I found that in 1869 to major influences emerged for the suffrage movement; The National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) and The American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA). ( Evans, 123-124) Through the efforts of these groups tides and ideas toward suffrage began to change and states began to allow suffrage for issues such as school elections. Then in 1890, Wyoming entered the Union as the first state with full suffrage for women. (Kraditor, 4) Colorado soon followed in 1893, then Utah and Idaho in 1896. Although there seemed to be a long p eriod after that in which no one adopted new policies on suffrage, the women were not quiet. They continued to hold campaigns, spoke before voters and political hierarchy, and probably most popular; marched in parades. During a famous March 3, 1913 parade for suffrage there stretched a long line with nine bands, four mounted brigades, three heralds, about twenty-four floats, and more than 5,000 marchers. (Harvey) In my interview with Ms. Colleen Coffey I learned that Harriett Stanton Blatch, daughter of Elizabeth Stanton, was very precise about how she wanted these parades conducted. Apparently she insisted that each woman be dressed alike and stand uniformly. She also felt it important that each woman march in a certain uniformly fashion. Ms. Stanton Blatch once said â€Å"It is not reason and logic that convince, but an appeal to emotion.† (Scott) She felt that she could accomplish this through the parades. After decades of strife and hard work, August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment was ratified into the constitution. This climatic and overdue event took place over seventy years after Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott stared it all at the Seneca Falls convention. Although these women had been dead for years their life’s work was not done in vain. Although the vote was taken many times before on the issue of women’s suffrage; a couple of times being in 1915 and again in 1918, both times being turned down, it had finally passed with a 56-25 vote from the senate and 42 more votes than needed from the house. (Wikipedia) This was not only a victory, but history in the making. Women now had the same right as any white or black male citizen of the United States, the right to have their voice heard. Voting. What a simple everyday thing that so many take for granted in this day and age. It is so hard to imagine a time when a woman’s voice was nothing more than a mere whisper. During this whole experience I have found an even deeper appreciation and compassion for women like Elizabeth Stanton; outspoken and driven though many didn’t agree with what she had to say. She cared about all women, even those who did not think she was fighting a battle that should be fought. Ms. Stanton really believed with all of her heart that every woman has a voice, not just in a political sense, and that that voice should be heard if you want it to be. It really shows that perseverance pays off. It still baffles me to think that black men who we enslaved and degraded for years, we would hand the vote over to, yet a woman had to fight so hard. This topic really touched home for me and made me realize that there is so much information out there in the world that you don’t know. I f ound myself buried for hours in books on this topic and still can’t believe I hadn’t wanted to look into it before. I guess I just always thought that I had better things to do than mull around a library looking for information, when in fact information is so easily accessible and at your finger tips. From this day forward I am going to have a different outlook on everything. I now realized that I have so many rights and freedoms that someone either fought for me to have. Not just political freedoms, but also social freedom, religious freedom†¦almost anything you can think of. I no longer will take these things for granted, but look upon them as gifts bestowed to me. Robert Frost once said, â€Å" Freedom lies in being BOLD,† and that is what I am going to be always†¦BOLD. Works Cited Coffey, Colleen. Personal Interview. 26 April 2011. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2011.  . Evans, Sara M.. Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America. New York: The Free Press, 1989. Print. Flexner, Eleanor. Century of Struggle. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1970. Print Kraditor, Aileen S.. The Ideas of the Women’s Suffrage Movement: 1890-1920. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967. Print. Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2011.  . Scott, Mrs. William Forse. â€Å"Women Give Reason’s Against Suffrage: Mrs. Stanton Blatch is Accused by One of Being an Advertiser.† The New York Times. 30 April, 2011. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F20F1EFA3B5E13738DDDAB0994DD405B828DF1D3 Smith, Natalie. Getting the Vote. Scholastic News.(Edition 5/6). 15 Mar. 2010: pg6. Proquest. Web. 24 March 2011. Zagarri, Rosemarie Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. Vol. 7. 3rd ed. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 2003. p310-311. Gale Virtual Refrence Library. Web. 1 May, 2011

Biography of Walt Whitman, American Poet

Biography of Walt Whitman, American Poet Walt Whitman  (May 31, 1819–March 26, 1892) is one of the most significant American writers of the 19th century, and many critics consider him the nations greatest poet. His book  Leaves of Grass, which he edited and expanded over the course of his life, is a masterpiece of American literature. In addition to writing poetry, Whitman worked as a journalist and volunteered in military hospitals. Fast Facts: Walt Whitman Known For: Whitman is one of the most famous American poets of the 19th century.Born: May 31, 1819 in West Hills, New YorkDied: March 26, 1892 in Camden, New JerseyPublished Works: Leaves of Grass, Drum-Taps, Democratic Vistas Early Life Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819, in the village of West Hills on Long Island, New York, approximately 50 miles east of New York City. He was the second of eight children. Whitman’s father was of English descent, and his mother was Dutch. In later life, he would refer to his ancestors as having been early settlers of Long Island. In 1822, when Walt was 2 years old, the Whitman family moved to Brooklyn, which was still a small town. Whitman would spend most of the next 40 years of his life in Brooklyn, which grew into a thriving city during that time. After finishing public school in Brooklyn, Whitman began working at the age of 11. He was an office boy for a law office before becoming an apprentice printer at a newspaper. In his late teens, Whitman worked for several years as a schoolteacher in rural Long Island. In 1838, he founded a weekly newspaper on Long Island. He reported and wrote stories, printed the paper, and even delivered it on horseback. By the early 1840s, he had broken into professional journalism, writing articles for magazines and newspapers in New York. Library of Congress Early Writings Early writing efforts by Whitman were fairly conventional. He wrote about popular trends and contributed sketches about city life. In 1842, he wrote the temperance novel  Franklin Evans, which depicted the horrors of alcoholism. In later life, Whitman would denounce the novel as â€Å"rot,† but at the time it was a commercial success. In the mid-1840s, Whitman became the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, but his political views, which were aligned with the upstart  Free Soil Party, eventually got him fired. He then took a job working at a newspaper in New Orleans. While he seemed to enjoy the exotic nature of the city, he was apparently homesick for Brooklyn. The job only lasted a few months. By the early  1850s  he was still writing for newspapers, but his focus had turned to poetry. He often jotted down notes for poems inspired by the busy city life around him. Leaves of Grass In 1855, Whitman published the first edition of  Leaves of Grass. The book was unusual, as the 12 poems it included were untitled and were set in type (partly by Whitman himself) that looked more like prose than poetry. Whitman had written a lengthy and remarkable preface, essentially introducing himself as an American bard. For the frontispiece, he selected an engraving of himself dressed as a common worker. The green covers of the book were embossed with the title â€Å"Leaves of Grass.† Curiously, the title page of the book, perhaps because of an oversight, did not contain the authors name. The poems in the original edition were inspired by the things Whitman found fascinating: the crowds of New York, the modern inventions the public marveled over, and the raucous politics of the 1850s. While Whitman apparently hoped to become the poet of the common man, his book went largely unnoticed. However,  Leaves of Grass  did attract one major fan. Whitman admired the writer and speaker Ralph Waldo Emerson and sent him a copy of his book. Emerson read it, was greatly impressed, and wrote a letter to Whitman: I greet you at the beginning of a great career. Whitman produced approximately 800 copies of the first edition of  Leaves of Grass, and the following year he published a second edition, which contained 20 additional poems. Evolution of Leaves of Grass Whitman saw  Leaves of Grass  as his life’s work. Rather than publishing new books of poems, he began a practice of revising the poems in the book and adding new ones in successive editions. The third edition of the book was issued by a Boston publishing house, Thayer and Eldridge. Whitman traveled to Boston to spend three months in 1860 preparing the book, which contained more than 400 pages of poetry. Some of the poems in the 1860 edition referred to homosexuality, and while the poems were not explicit, they were nonetheless controversial. Civil War Getty Images In 1861 during the beginning of the Civil War, Whitman’s brother George enlisted in a New York infantry regiment. In December 1862, Walt, believing his brother may have been wounded at the  Battle of Fredericksburg, traveled to the front in Virginia. The proximity to the war, to soldiers, and especially to the wounded had a profound effect on Whitman. He became deeply interested in helping the wounded and began volunteering in military hospitals in Washington. His visits with wounded soldiers would inspire a number of Civil War poems, which he would eventually collect in a book called  Drum-Taps. As he traveled around Washington, Whitman would often see Abraham Lincoln passing by in his carriage. He had a deep respect for Lincoln and attended the presidents second inauguration on March 4, 1865. Whitman wrote an essay about the inauguration, which was published in The New York Times on Sunday, March 12, 1865. In his dispatch, Whitman noted, as others had, that the day had been stormy up until noon, when Lincoln was scheduled to take the oath of office for the second time. But Whitman added a poetic touch, noting that a peculiar cloud had appeared over Lincoln that day: As the President came out on the Capitol portico, a curious little white cloud, the only one in that part of the sky, appeared like a hovering bird, right over him. Whitman saw significance in the odd weather and speculated that it was a profound omen of some sort. Within weeks, Lincoln would be dead, killed by an assassin (who also happened to be in the crowd at the second inauguration). Fame By the end of the Civil War, Whitman had found a comfortable job working as a clerk in a government office in Washington. That came to an end when the newly installed secretary of the interior, James Harlan, discovered that his office employed the author of  Leaves of Grass. With the intercession of friends, Whitman got another federal job, this time serving as a clerk in the Department of Justice. He remained in government work until 1874, when ill health led him to resign. Whitman’s problems with Harlan actually may have helped him in the long run, as some critics came to his defense. As later editions of  Leaves of Grass  appeared, Whitman became known as â€Å"America’s good gray poet.† Death Plagued by health problems, Whitman moved to Camden, New Jersey, in the mid-1870s. When he died on March 26, 1892, the news of his death was widely reported. The San Francisco Call, in an obituary published on the front page of the March 27, 1892, paper, wrote: â€Å"Early in life he decided that his mission should be to preach the gospel of democracy and of the natural man, and he schooled himself for the work by passing all his available time among men and women and in the open air, absorbing into himself nature, character, art and indeed all that makes up the eternal universe.† Whitman was interred in a tomb of his own design in Harleigh Cemetery in Camden, New Jersey. Legacy Whitman’s poetry was revolutionary, both in subject and style. Though considered eccentric and controversial, he eventually became known as â€Å"America’s good gray poet.† When he died in 1892 at the age of 72, his death was front-page news across America. Whitman is now celebrated as one of the countrys greatest poets, and selections from Leaves of Grass are widely taught in schools and universities. Sources Kaplan, Justin. Walt Whitman, a Life. Perennial Classics, 2003.Whitman, Walt. The Portable Walt Whitman. Edited by Michael Warner, Penguin, 2004.

A summary of the Chapter ‘We Cheer Jim Up

In the chapter ‘We Cheer Jim Up,’ Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer are faced with the challenge of stealing Jim from Tom’s Aunt Sally Phelp’s plantation without being caught. The fact that they have to dig Jim out of a small, dark shack does make this task much harder for the two boys, especially since it is guarded with dogs and other African American slaves. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer both scheme together to come up with a brilliant plan. They even lie to a slave about their relation to Jim, so to keep their actual friendship with Jim, and their plot to free him, secret. Â  In this chapter, Huck actually feels extremely guilty for committing a sin—stealing some-one’s slave. Normally, Huck enjoys the thrill of living on the edge and engaging in unlawful activities. However, he suddenly feels very apprehensive about this act he and Tom are about to commit and even questions Tom about this. Â  His experience of being held hostage by his drunken father has also enabled Huck to cope and deal with difficult situations in a more mature manner than when he lived with the widow. Nevertheless, Huck is faced with a personal conflict within himself. While he desperately wants to free Jim, he is bothered by the potential consequences that he and, especially Jim, will have to face if caught. A main theme being developed in this chapter is the idea of superstition. The slave that takes Huck and Tom to the shack to see Jim talks about nothing but witches and how he is constantly pestered by their voices. Every sound he hears, he believes it is the witches returning to trouble him. This chapter also introduces one powerful symbol. One might say that the tiny shack symbolizes the bondage African American people experienced on plantation farms back in those days. The darkness and dismal conditions of the shack where Jim was chained and confound also represents the cruel treatment run-away slaves, and African slaves in general, were treated.

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

Research - Essay Example Further, the model stipulates that the teachers and assessment tools are two distinct entities with no close relationship. The students’ learning ability gets measured through objective test results and assessment outcomes (Gatto 45). Notably, one of the major challenges that teachers encounter is high number of learners to attend to. This limits effective service delivery and the quality of education received by the learners. With a class of approximately 50 students particularly in developing countries, it is complex and impossible for the learners to receive one-to-one attention from their instructors. Consequently, assistance from other colleagues and research experts may be necessary. This is commonly evidenced during examinations where close attention is necessary in order to avoid instances of cheating. However, with a sample size of 50 students drawn from the entire school population, at least 10 more researchers are needed to effectively supervise the examinations. This has been evidenced in the case of Mussoorie International School where extra research assistants and instructors are needed to improve the quality of services delivered to clients. Therefore, as the class size increases, more assistants a re needed to help in executing regular academic programmes (Gatto

Honeywell Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Honeywell Outsourcing - Essay Example oneywell Aerospace, Automation and Control, Specialty Materials and its Transportation Systems which provides consumer car care products which include Prestone, FRAM. The largest of these divisions is Honeywell Aerospace which produces aircraft components, engines, avionics for commercial airlines, business and regional aircrafts and spacecrafts (Honeywell International, Inc., 2006). One of the key issues the company is dealing with today is outsourcing its business and operations. The trend of outsourcing has not been limited to the company but has been indicative of the current trends in almost all industries to cut operations costs. According to Honeywell, its outsourcing is part of its competitive strategy: "As a global technology leader, we must participate in the worldwide economy and open new markets for our products and services, while continuing to recruit and retain a competitive and talented global work force, The result will be a company that stays ahead of the curve; focuses on meeting the needs of our customers; provides challenging opportunities for our employees and sustains growth over the long-term for shareholders." (Frauenheim, 2004). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outsourcing activities of Honeywell International Inc. and to assess the impact of these activities to the company, the industry and the national economy. This is to recognize that the outsourcing or off-shoring policies of a company, especially one of Honeywell’s magnitude influences industries and markets. A study of company, competitor and global outsourcing trends will be utilized. Literature based on industry trends will be compared to global indicators and will be used to approximate the bearing of Honeywell’s outsourcing activities. A SWOT Matrix will be used to illustrate prevailing trends as well as developments that will reflect Honeywell’s long term policies and standpoint on outsourcing. China and Mexico have been chosen by Honeywell since the

Holfstede’s Cultural Constraints Essay Example for Free

Holfstede’s Cultural Constraints Essay In his article â€Å"Cultural Constraints in Management Theories,† G. Holfstede (1993) argues his main point that there is really no universal management theory, such that the means to manage organizations greatly vary across countries and cultures. For instance, the concept of management in the United States is different from, say, Asia or Europe, let alone apply to the two latter regions. A specific management concept or practice may be accepted in America but it does not mean that it is also accepted in some other part of the world. Holfstede begins by exploring the origins of the concept of management in cultures in varying times and notes the differences in the management theories. For example, managers are said to be cultural heroes in British and American regions while Germans see the engineer as the one having a heroic role precisely because German presidents and CEOs already have mastered their specialized skills and, hence, does not call for a manager. In Japan, the permanent worker group bears the ‘heroic role’ and that these workers are controlled not by managers but by their group. French people, on the other hand, do not have the notion of managers as Americans know of them. Rather, French workers think of one another as cadres, cadres being a social class obtained by learning at the proper schools and a social class maintained for a lifetime. Another case is that of Holland where the practice of managing people rests on the need for a consensus among all the involved individuals. These practices are established neither by contractual relationship nor by class distinctions but by an open-ended balancing of interests and exchange of views. In essence, Holfstede firmly maintains that the American concept of management theories vary from nation to nation and culture to culture. That being said, no management theory unique to a certain country or culture can perfectly apply to another culture and country precisely because of the variations among these cultures and countries. Reference Holfstede, G. (1993). Cultural Constraints in Management Theories. Academy of Management Executive, 7(1): 81-94.

The North American Continent :: History

The North American Continent There is tremendous difference in the way the native Indians used to live off the land and the way American Settlers are destroying the land even as we speak for the purpose of profit. The author of this story is trying to convey the damage and destruction wrought on by the Europeans in the relatively few years of habitation of the lands of America. The difference is not only cultural but also spiritual. While Native Indians viewed the land on which they lived as sacred, the European settlers arrived with the aim of exploitation, not only of the land but also of the native people. When you think about the creation the continents, beginning with Pangaea, how the landscape must have been very beautiful in its most natural setting. Imagine the great mountain ranges and the incredible forests and natural hillsides and plains and prairies that make up the countryside. It must have been breathtaking to be able to see the landscape of present day America in its natural state. As the water table began to recede, the first humans began to cross the Bering Straight to inhabit North America and South America. Travel to South America was made possible thought the Isthmus of Panama. Only now are we beginning to appreciate what the Native Indians were trying to convey to us. Native Indians have been living off the land and had not desire for industry or great wealth. They did not have a significant impact on the landscape. Europeans consumed the land away from the Indians starting with gold and silver. Vegetables such as potatoes and squash and tomatoes found their way back to Europe as did plants for medicines. Some of the more impressive aspects of the native Indians were the creation of many languages and many cultures. They expressed their creativity in their poetry and dance and rituals and ceremonies. Some rituals could last for days. The first Europeans had to be amazed to witness the exotic rituals that had never been seen before. Some Indians had tried diplomatic approaches to the intruding Europeans. One had formally spoken to the United States senate and another had negotiated with the French and the British. The significance is that the Indians lived off the land where there is no industry, no air pollution, no water pollution, and no deforestation. On the contrary, the Europeans came to establish colonies for the purpose of exploiting the land and people too.

Keeping Pets Essay

Nowadays keeping pets is gaining increasing popularity. The relationship between human and animals are always changing. To begin with, pets can keep a good company to people so as to bring pleasure and drive away loneliness. After a long period of staying together, people view their lovely pets as an old friend and even as family members. When people have something unhappy and do not want to tell anyone else, we can always talk with our pets,though they don’t understand at all. It is true that my friend , Jenny,who grew up with an absentee father and a peripatetic mother. I think Jenny is very unfortunate. However, she is very optimistic about her life. Because when she was young,her mom worried about nobody can take care of her, so she bought a dog for her. Jenny named its Beef and it is really a lovely dog. It often does some antics to make her laugh and warms her up. At the present, Jenny does not complain about her family or indulge herself like some other kids from a sing le parent family. She said that Beef always stays with her and relieves this loneliness to some extent. From Jenny/s experience , I feel the need to have another living being to share our daily lives. On the other hand, in contemporary society, many intelligent animals have been trained to be a doorkeepers since long time ago. It is reported that pets can often avoid thieves stealing something valuable from people’s house .Because busy work make people enable to dismiss the suggestion as trivial ,but thanks to smart pets today we can live in a safe and comfortable environment. On the contrary, there are also many stray animals in the society. Sometimes their owners abolish them or they just lose the way. It is actually a serious problem,but people often ignore this issue. I think that we should find a shelter to help them even though we cannot adopt all of the pets . If we meet those stray animals, we have the responsibility to protect them in order that the relationship between animals and people will get better and better. Otherwise, animals are likely to become aggressive.

Literary Analysis Outline

1. Which question will you be addressing? Write it here:â€Å"Some novels and plays seem to advocate changes in social or political attitudes or in traditions. Which particular attitudes or traditions does Orwell wish to modify? Analyze the techniques the author uses to influence the reader’s or audience’s views. Avoid plot summaries.†2. Write the question in your own words. This is a chance for you to â€Å"unpack† your essay question. Is there a particular angle that you will be pursuing? Do you need to define any key terms? Think of this as explaining the question to someone who is not as well-versed in literary analysis as you are.In 1984, what social or political traditional is modified? Analyze the techniques that are used to influence the reader’s views.I. Thesis Statement:Orwell modifies the social and political traditions of today’s society in order to persuade the reader using strong imagery and word choice, setting, and lack of ind ividualism.II. Your first point:The abundance of strong imagery and word choice throughout this book paints clear visions in the reader’s mind, influencing the reader to have a changed view on social and political traditions.A. Example #1â€Å"Never show dismay! Never show resentment! A single flicker of the eyes could give you away.† Page 36.1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis gives the image in the reader’s mind that even the slightest look in one’s eyes or face could give away a person, and it give the imagery that all the party members must be blank faced, or having hatred towards Goldstein, at all times.B. Example #2â€Å"A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture†¦Ã¢â‚¬  page 141. Briefly describe what you will say about your quote This strong word choice in this quote paints the image in the reader’s mind of how the government is filing the party members with hate and violence.C. Example #3â€Å"The party could thrust its hand into the past and say this or that event- it never happened- that, surely, was more terrifying than mere torture and death.† Page 34.1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis paints a picture in the reader’s mind of how the inner party could use people as a puppet in order to control the rest of the citizens.III. Your second point:Orwell’s use of setting helps persuade the reader to change their views on social traditions.A. Example #1â€Å"But in the future there will be no wives and no friends. Children will be taken from their mothers at birth, as one takes eggs from a hen. The sex instinct will be eradicated. Procreation will be an annual formality like the renewal of a ration card. We shall abolish the orgasm. Our neurologists are mat work upon it now. There will be no loyalty, except loyalty towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother.† page 267.1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis sets the stage for a very dark, sterile, and emotionless life. It is appalling to the reader, and it sets the reader off of the idea.B. Example #2 â€Å"Don't you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly defined and all its subsidiary meanings rubbed out and forgotten.† (1.5.23, Syme)1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis shows that the government is attempting to set the stage and mind of all the people in the CONTROLS SOCIETY AND PEOPLE’S VIEWS/ATTITUDES IN THE BOOKC. Example #3â€Å"There were times when his nerves so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating began, when the mere sight of a first drawn back for a blow was enough t o make hum pour forth a confession of real or imaginary crimes.† Page 2911. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis sets the scene of violence and fear, and what more, it is the government system that is putting this fear and violence into the citizens when they disagree with them.IV. Your third point:The lack of individualism effectively influences the reader to change their mind about social and political traditions.A. Example #1 The Inner Party members wear black overalls, the Outer Party wears blue overalls, and Proles wear regular clothing.1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quote This constricts and conforms the party members, not letting them express any individualism to their appearance.B. Example #2 The thought police1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quote The thought police are there to point out anyone that is thinking against the government, and they then have them vaporized. If anyone thinks or even dreams about being an individual, away from the party, the government subjects them to torture in order to brain wash them to be like everyone else.C. Example #3 â€Å"Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it; moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard.’’ Page 91. Briefly describe what you will say about your quote Winston, even in his own room, is never allowed the privacy to say/do what he feels or wants to. There are always people monitoring everything that the party members say/do.V. What will be the â€Å"knockout punch† that you include in your conclusion? 1984 is a warning for the future, a warning for what a totalitarian government could really mean. (but more eloquent†¦)

Free Essays on Online Shopping

TITLE – ONLINE SHOPPING TERMS OF REFERENCE: As a researcher employed by a major retailer, I have been asked to submit a report on online shopping. My remit is to look at how it’s done, the scale of it, the advantages for the customer, the disadvantages and the implications for conventional retailing. PROCEDURE – This report is based on information gathered from web-sites, newspapers and retail journals. FINDINGS – 1. Online shopping – A definition. 2. The scale of online shopping. 3. The advantages for the customer. 4. The disadvantages. 5. The implications for conventional retailers. Conclusions. Bibliography. 1.- Online shopping – A definition. 1.1 - In just a few short years, online shopping has grown to become a multi-billion dollar industry. The projections for the future are for it to continue to grow substantially. For the uninitiated, online shopping is the ability to purchase goods and services from the comfort of your home or office via your computer. The user simply connects to a company's website, browser offerings, selects the items that he wants to purchase by inserting them into your "shopping cart", just as you would do in a regular store. 1.2 - When you’ve decided on what products you want to buy, it’s check out time. Most sites will ask you to register to make the transaction trustworthy. You’ll be asked to give your e-mail address, mailing address, and so on. Never give your credit card number, if asked to do so while registering. Once you’ve registered, you’re ready to place your order. The site would give you a login name and password (most likely, you selected them yourself). The next time you come to the site, you don’t have to register again. Use your existing login name and password. Once you’v... Free Essays on Online Shopping Free Essays on Online Shopping TITLE – ONLINE SHOPPING TERMS OF REFERENCE: As a researcher employed by a major retailer, I have been asked to submit a report on online shopping. My remit is to look at how it’s done, the scale of it, the advantages for the customer, the disadvantages and the implications for conventional retailing. PROCEDURE – This report is based on information gathered from web-sites, newspapers and retail journals. FINDINGS – 1. Online shopping – A definition. 2. The scale of online shopping. 3. The advantages for the customer. 4. The disadvantages. 5. The implications for conventional retailers. Conclusions. Bibliography. 1.- Online shopping – A definition. 1.1 - In just a few short years, online shopping has grown to become a multi-billion dollar industry. The projections for the future are for it to continue to grow substantially. For the uninitiated, online shopping is the ability to purchase goods and services from the comfort of your home or office via your computer. The user simply connects to a company's website, browser offerings, selects the items that he wants to purchase by inserting them into your "shopping cart", just as you would do in a regular store. 1.2 - When you’ve decided on what products you want to buy, it’s check out time. Most sites will ask you to register to make the transaction trustworthy. You’ll be asked to give your e-mail address, mailing address, and so on. Never give your credit card number, if asked to do so while registering. Once you’ve registered, you’re ready to place your order. The site would give you a login name and password (most likely, you selected them yourself). The next time you come to the site, you don’t have to register again. Use your existing login name and password. Once you’v...

Summary of a book chapter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Summary of a book chapter - Assignment Example The terrorists undergo various training that are well discussed in this chapter. They include, disguise techniques, clandestine travels, recruitment, communications, handling of weapons- including bombs and explosives, assassination and ambush techniques and even collection of intelligence and counterintelligence methods. Terrorists go to training camps to acquire particular tactics and gain proficiency in a variety of skills. They are taught how to handle and execute terror plans in target states and nations. Such training is usually of a wider array of tactics than that of the counterterrorism police forces. For example, training on Arson and bombs. Terrorist are taught on how to make and use explosives and incendiary bombs. They are provided with guidelines and instructions on how to operate these explosive devices in training camps. Teachings on the incendiary type of weapons give terrorist insights on how to make simple fire bombs using locally available materials such as bottles and inflammable mixture attached to a fuse. In the latter days though, they are taught how to make plastic bombs from plastique that are sophisticated explosives and not readily detectable by most modern airport security. These training camps equip terrorists with assassination and ambush techniques usually how to penetrate through security systems and kill at close range. Methods of clandestine approach, disguise and escape are incorporated with handling and use of handguns fitted with silencers. Such kind of training enabled the assassination of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 2007. Another training is on how to raise money through extortion and kidnapping for ransom from wealthy families and employers. It is usually a little risk, but high-profit operation. These terrorists are also trained in recruitment, counterintelligence, and communication. Such training gives them proficiency in acquiring intelligence on

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Leadership and Commitment 16 4.5. Application of Concepts 16 Figure 2: The Concept of TQM 16 16 4.6. Future of TQM 17 Section 5 – Implementation of TQM in the Operational Process of Chevrolet 18 5.1. Process/ Prevention 18 5.2. Training and Education 18 5.3. Empowerment/ Organisation 19 Figure 3: TQM Process of General Motors 19 Section 6 – Conclusion 20 20 References 21 Section 1 – Introduction With the increasing influence of globalisation, the business environment is becoming more complex and wider affecting almost every organisation irrespective of its organisational structure and operations. Consequently, the competition is also at a rise due to which the competitive firms are focussed on developing competitive strategies, such as differentiation strategies, diversification strategies among others. It is in this context that the organisations are also considering the aspect of Total Quality Management (TQM). From the managerial perspective, TQM refers to a p hilosophy and/or a paradigm which is emphasised on continuous improvements of products and/or services. It is often defined as a comprehensive management process which principally focuses on the aspect of continuous quality improvement. To be precise, the TQM approach intends to satisfy the customers’ and/or the owners’ needs with efficiency and is driven by the continuous improvement of the entire operation process (PHCC Educational Foundation, 1996). With this virtue, the objective of the paper is to study the TQM approach adapted by General Motors (GM) in order to provide quality services to the potential customers and/or owners of Chevrolet. Thereby, the discussion of the paper will intend to identify the various attributes of the operational process of GM. It shall also consider reviewing various literatures relevant to the topic in order to contextualise the findings comprehensively. Section 2 – Context: Company XYZ Logistics Chevrolet is a world renowned brand and is owned by GM, an American auto maker which is also recognised as one of the market leaders in the international automotive industry. Besides other brands owned by the company, Chevrolet happens to be one of the most popular and successful brands marketed by GM. It was first introduced in the market during early 1900s and since then it has gained a remarkable growth in the international platform. Notably, it is marketed in 130 different countries including UK and other major countries of the European region with average sales of 3.5 million vehicles annually (Chevrolet Europe, 2010). 2.1. Main Products, Services and Customers Chevrolet is a major brand manufactured and marketed under the policies of GM. There are also various sub-brands under the brand name of Chevrolet which are also marketed by GM. To be mentioned, the sub-brands of Chevrolet are Spark City, Cruze Sedan, Aveo, Captiva SUV, Epica, Corvette and others. Thus, it is quite apparent that the brand and its par ent company offer a wide range of products to its customers (Chevrolet Europe, 2010). The services rendered by the brand are also available at a wide range from marketing to after and before sales services. To be precise, the brand in Europe serves the customers to modify the design of the car according to their convenience as a before sales service. It also includes test drive services in the category of before sales services. On the other hand, as after sales services, the brand offers vehicle inspections by expert professionals and the